Why is Physics considered to be a Difficult Subject?

Among the most mathematical of all subjects, apart from mathematics and statistics ofcourse, is Physics. Many students find physics difficult, as compared to say Chemistry or Biology. The general perception is that more girls find this subject difficult as compared to boys. This is surprising, because in academics there are an almost equal number of women and men teachers of physics. So, what is it that makes Physics a ‘difficult’ subject?

I put forward the following thoughts, based on my teaching experience. A subject like biology requires memorization of many facts. Sure, there is a lot to explain and understand, but generally students find that they can manage to score well in biology by memorization. There are almost no calculations, graphs, no numerical problem to be solved, at least in the higher secondary courses. In chemistry, memorization again plays an important role, although less as compared to biology. One must understand the chemical equations, electron structure, etc, but many students find chemistry also ‘manageable’. Even mathematics may be easier as memorization is mostly not helpful and if you know the method of solving a type of problem, ample practice (‘drill’) ensures that you will do well in math also.

So what happens with Physics? Here are a few reasons why physics is not loved too much:

• Conceptually more demanding.
• Every concept/topic involves thinking at many levels
• Experiments must be performed, and results correlated with theoretical values
• Calculations of errors in results
• Deal with numerous units of physical quantities
• Representing results numerically and graphically
• Interpretation of graphs
• Tables of numbers like trigonometric and logarithmic tables
• Handling equipment in physics laboratory and being aware of concepts like least count, zero error, accuracy, sensitivity, etc
• Give reasons that tally with physical, real-world observations
• Remember definitions and laws
• Too many formulas to learn
• Too much theory — laws, hand rules, treating quantities as vectors or scalars, dealing with concepts that are not ‘obvious’.
• Transfer from graphical to mathematical representation and vice-versa
• Physics is not just about physics; you have to also use algebra, geometry, calculus and so you have to be reasonably good at these other subjects also
• Some topics in physics are abstract and maybe student cannot relate with those immediately, like quantum mechanics and atomic physics
• Physics is taught at a faster rate compared to languages and social sciences.
• Physics can demand that you start with a specific result and make general rules
• Not reading the text and not solving exercises makes understanding almost impossible
• Often, the numerical problems solved are substitution type problems, like F = ma, given F and M, find a. Students are led to believe that physics involves such calculations. We know that’s not true. The more difficult problems are never taken up and more difficult topics are kept as an ‘option’, and these are the topics that are required for further study.
• The basics of drawing and interpreting graphs are often very weak and so are the basics of calculus. So while a student may know how to find a derivative, she may not have been told of the connection between derivative –> slope –> velocity, area under a curve-integral, etc. This difficulty arises because the teacher teaching mathematics may not have to discuss applications of calculus to other subjects, and the physics teacher expects (sometimes) the math teacher to discuss these inter-relationships.
• It is quite possible that physics isn’t being taught the way it should be taught. Now that wouldn’t be students’ fault. But the student still suffers. Numerous studies have shown that there are many misconceptions that students have and unfortunately, these misconceptions are not being addressed.

Physics is cumulative. If you have not understood the basic concepts, and yet managed to pass your exams, this deficiency will soon catch up as you study more of physics. So you must not ignore the basics. Competitive exams don’t test only textbook knowledge, they test you on applications. Application-oriented problems can only be solved if fundamentals are clear, and you improve skills with mathematics, graphs, interpretation and logic. Once you know why a subject appears to be difficult you can work your way to make it easy, interesting and useful.